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Introduction
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It allows anyone — from complete beginners to experienced engineers — to create interactive projects by connecting sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers.
Overview
Arduino boards are small, programmable circuit boards that can read inputs (like light from a sensor, a button press, or temperature) and turn them into outputs (like turning on an LED, activating a motor, or sending a message to your computer).
The platform is popular because:
• It’s affordable
• It’s easy to learn
• It has a large global community
• It works on Windows, macOS, and Linux
History
• 2005 — Arduino was developed in Ivrea, Italy, as a tool for design students.
• The goal: create a low-cost, easy-to-use microcontroller board.
• Since then, it has evolved into a global open-source ecosystem with millions of users.
Common Arduino Boards
| Model | Arduino Uno | Arduino Nano | Arduino Mega | Arduino Leonardo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Description | Most popular board, based on ATmega328P | Smaller version, breadboard-friendly | More memory & pins | Can act as a keyboard/mouse |
| Typical Use | Beginner projects, education | Compact projects | Robotics, large projects | Human-computer interfaces |
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What Can You Build?
Arduino is used in education, prototyping, art installations, robotics, IoT devices, and more.
Example projects:
• Automatic plant watering system
• LED light animations
• Temperature & humidity monitors
• Obstacle-avoiding robots
• Home automation controls
Key Components
Arduino is used in education, prototyping, art installations, robotics, IoT devices, and more. Example projects:
• Microcontroller — The “brain” of the board
• Digital & Analog Pins — Connect sensors and outputs
• USB Port — Upload programs
• Power Supply — Runs the board (USB, battery, or adapter)
• Arduino IDE — Software used to write and upload code
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